A face-split study to evaluate the effects of microneedle radiofrequency with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of melasma

Abstract

Background: Microneedle radiofrequency (RF) has been widely used for dermal regeneration. There has been few reports about the efficacy of microneedle RF on treatment of melasma, but the evidence is still weak. Objectives: To analyze the therapeutic effect of microneedle RF on melasma with low-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG (QSND) laser which is well known treatment option for melasma. Methods: 15 patients with melasma underwent 5 sessions of microneedle RF + low-flunence 1064nm QSND laser on one side of the face, and only low-flunence 1064nm QSND laser on the other side. Response to treatments were evaluated by using mexameter, pigmentation and severity index (PSI) scoring and the patient’s overall assessment. Additionally, skin biopsy and electron microscopic study was done. Results: All patients experienced improvement on both sides (Mexameter : P<.0001, PSI score : p<.0001. But, no statistical differences were found between two groups (Mexameter : P = 0.710, PSI score : P = 0.498). Electron microscopic analysis showed shrinkage and vacuolar changes in melanocytes. Some inflammatory cells were also found on epidermis, but there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: Though microneedle radiofrequency + low-flunence 1064nm QSND laser treatment showed better outcome than the control group in some cases, there were no statistical significance. Further research for the effective intensity and depth of RF treatment for melasma will be needed.