임상간호사의 COVID-19 감염예방관리수행 영향요인

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate clinical nurses' knowledge about COVID-19, health beliefs, perceived behavior control, COVID-19 infection prevention and control performance, and to examine the factors that affect clinical nurses' COVID-19 infection prevention and control performance. In this study, data were collected through a web-based survey for 1 week in March 2022, targeting 241 clinical nurses participating in patient care at hospitals. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 27.0 program, frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé post hoc test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. The COVID-19-related knowledge of the subjects in this study was an average of 13.82±5.24 points out of a total score of 24 points. Health beliefs scored an average of 3.75±0.57 points out of 5 points, and in the sub-domain, perceived sensitivity was the highest with an average of 3.87±0.67 points, followed by perceived benefits with an average of 3.83±0.73 points. Perceived behavioral control was an average of 0.73±1.08 points out of -3 to +3 points, and COVID-19 infection prevention and control performance was an average of 3.23±0.46 out of 4 points. The factors influencing COVID-19 infection prevention control performance were perceived benefit (β=.263, p<.001), perceived disability (β=.198, p<.001), and knowledge (β=.170, p=.003), perceived seriousness (β=.138, p=.033), clinical experience (β=.088, p=.015), perceived behavioral control (β=.084, p=.021), and the explanatory power of the influencing factors was 72.4%. The health professionals role and responsibility for caring patient who infected COVID-19 increase greatly due to the prolonged pandemic era. Especially, infection prevention control become more important activity for patient outcomes. It is necessary to increase clinical nurses’ competence to respond to new infectious diseases including COVID-19 by systemic and repetitive education on infection prevention control, regulation sharing of the latest knowledge of infectious diseases, and preparing guidelines in medical institutions for efficient use of nursing.

본 연구는 COVID-19에 대한 임상간호사의 지식, 건강신념, 지각된 행위통제와 COVID-19 감염예방관리수행을 확인하고, 임상간호사의 COVID-19 감염예방관리수행에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 본 연구는 상급종합병원 또는 종합병원에서 환자 간호에 직접 참여하는 임상간호사 241명을 대상으로 2022년 3월 1주일간 비대면 웹기반 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS/WIN 27.0 프로그램을 이용하여, 빈도와 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé 사후검정, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구대상자의 COVID-19 관련 지식은 총 24점 만점 중 평균 13.82±5.24점이었다. 건강신념은 5점 만점 중 평균 3.75±0.57점이었고, 하부영역에서 지각된 민감성이 평균 3.87±0.67점으로 가장 높았고 그 다음이 지각된 유익성으로 평균 3.83±0.73점이었다. 지각된 행위통제는 –3점에서 +3점 중 평균 0.73±1.08점이었고, COVID-19 감염예방관리수행도는 4점 만점 중 평균 3.23±0.46점이었다. 연구결과 COVID-19 감염예방관리수행에 영향을 미치는 요인은 지각된 유익성(β=.263, p<.001), 지각된 장애성(β=.198, p<.001), 지식(β=.170, p=.003), 지각된 심각성(β=.138, p=.033), 임상경력(β=.088, p=.015), 지각된 행위통제(β=.084, p=.021)순이었고, 영향요인의 설명력은 72.4%이었다. COVID-19의 장기화로 환자를 격리, 치료하는 의료기관의 역할이 증가하였고, 환자에게 직접간호를 제공하는 간호사의 COVID-19 감염예방관리수행 능력은 간호사 자신을 포함한 의료기관의 감염예방을 위해 더욱 중요해졌다. 감염예방관리에 대한 체계적 · 반복적인 교육, 감염병 최신지견에 대한 정기적인 공유, 위기상황 시 간호인력의 효율적인 활용을 위한 의료기관 내 지침 마련 및 간호행정의 개선 등을 통해 COVID-19를 포함한 신종감염병에 대한 임상간호사의 대응능력을 증대시키는 것이 필요하다.