성인자녀의 노인학대 인식, 부양스트레스 및 대처방식

Abstract

This study was a descriptive study conducted to comprehend the children of elderly citizens elder abuse perception, caregiving stress and coping methods, and to understand the correlation between elder abuse perception and caregiving stress and the affecting factors. Data was collected subjects from April 3rd, 2011 to April 17th, 2011. The subjects consisted of 399 the children of elderly citizens aged from 20 to 65 who attended a Christian church, a Catholic church, a college for housewives and a sports center all located in D city. The instruments used were the elder abuse perception scale which was originally developed by Moon and Williams (1993) and then revised and supplemented by Yu, Seong Ho and Kim, Cheol Su (2004), the caregiving stress scale which was originally developed by Lee, Yeong Ja (1991), Song, Hyeon Ae (1993) and Hong, Seong An (1999) and then revised and supplemented by Ju, Sang Ae (2006), and the coping method scale for caregivers developed by Yang, Ok Nam (1995). Collected data was analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. The types analysis used were frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows ; The subjects' elder abuse perception, caregiving stress and coping methods respectively got 2.34, 2.27 and 2.68 out of 5 points. There was a significant difference among the subjects' elder abuse perception according to their various characteristics. These included the age of the subjects, their marital status, their religious beliefs, their education level, how many children they have, their health condition, who they care for now, the age of the elder (mother or mother-in-law), whether they have experienced caring for an elder and the duration of the caregiving experience; the economic status of the elder and whether the elder is sick, and finally, the health status of the elder. When it comes to caregiving stress according to the various features of the subjects, the age of the subjects, their marital status, their religious beliefs, the average monthly income of the family, the family structure, house ownership, health conditions, the caregiver's relation to the elder, the age of the elder (father or father-in-law), the age of the elder(mother or mother-in-law), the economic status of the elder and health conditions of the elder showed significant differences. There was negative correlation between the subjects' elder abuse perception and caregiving stress. Factors affecting the subjects' elder abuse perception were caregiving stress; whether the elder is sick, the health conditions of the elder, how many children they have, the economic status of the elder, and the age of the elder (mother or mother-in-law). Factors affecting the subjects' caregiving stress were family structure, religious beliefs, the economic status of the elder, the health condition of the elder, the average monthly income of the family, the age of the elder (father and father-in-law), and the age of the subjects. In conclusion, this study showed that the characteristics of the subjects and caregiving stress were important elements in elder abuse perception. Therefore, nursing mediation and programs that can improve elder abuse perception will become a basis for measuring, if they are developed and implemented.

성인자녀의 노인학대 인식과 부양스트레스 및 대처방식을 파악하고, 노인학대 인식과 부양스트레스의 상관관계 및 영향요인을 확인하고자 실시된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구의 대상자에 대한 자료수집은 2011년 4월 3일부터 4월 17일까지 D시에 소재하는 교회1개, 천주교회1개, 주부대학1개, 스포츠센터1개의 이용자 중 만 20세 이상 65세 미만의 성인자녀 399명이었다. 연구도구는 Moon과 Williams(1993)가 개발하고 유성호와 김철수(2004)가 수정보완한 노인학대 인식도구, 이영자(1991), 송현애(1993), 홍성안(1999)의 도구를 주상애(2006)가 수정보완한 부양스트레스 도구, 양옥남(1995)이 개발한 부양자용 대처방안도구를 사용하다. 자료분석은 SPSS/WIN 17.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Stepwise multiple regression analysis으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상자의 노인학대 인식은 5점 만점에 2.34점, 부양스트레스는 2.27점, 대처방식은 2.68점으로 나타났다. 대상자의 특성에 따른 노인학대 인식은 연령, 결혼상태, 종교, 교육정도, 직업, 자녀수, 건강상태, 월 음주횟수, 현재 부양대상. (시)모 연령, 노부모 동거 부양경험, 부양기간, 노부모 경제상태, 노부모 질병 유무, 노부모 건강상태에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대상자의 특성에 따른 부양스트레스는 연령, 결혼상태, 종교, 가족 월평균소득, 가족형태, 주택소유주, 건강상태, 노부모 부양관계, 현재 부양대상, (시)부 연령, (시)모 연령, 노부모 경제상태, 노부모 건강상태에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대상자의 노인학대 인식과 부양스트레스는 부적 상관관계가 있었다. 대상자의 노인학대 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 부양스트레스, 노부모 질병 유무, 노부모 건강상태, 자녀수, 노부모 경제상태, (시)모 연령이었다. 대상자의 부양스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인은 가족형태, 종교, 노부모 경제상태, 노부모 건강상태, 가족 월평균소득, (시)부 연령, 연령이었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 대상자의 특성과 부양스트레스는 노인학대 인식의 주요한 요인으로 나타났으므로, 노인학대 인식을 향상시킬 수 있는 간호중재 및 프로그램을 개발하고 수행할 때 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.