계획된 행위이론에 근거한 흡연노인의 금연의도에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore factors that influence on the community older persons' intention of smoking-cessation based on theory of planned behavior. The data were collected from March 1th to April 1th in 2010. Data collection was conducted with 300 elderly smokers over 60 in one senior citizen welfare center in D city, 30 senior citizen welfare community centers, and one free meal service center in K city and P city. Descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe, Dunnet, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise-multiple regression were used for data analysis. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Descriptive results showed that the mean score of smoking-cessation intention of the elderly was -2.45±5.58, the direct measurement's average score of smoking-cessation attitude was 7.78±4.11, the mean score of indirect measurement of smoking-cessation attitude was 10.87±9.39, the mean score of direct measuremente of subjective norm was 1.92±1.97, the indirect measurement of subjective norm was 9.12±10.16, the direct measurement of self-consciousness control was -1.56±2.33, and the indirect measurement of self-consciousness control was -4.14±5.80. 2. There were significant differences according to general characteristics in smoking-cessation such as age(F=17.51 p<.001), education level(F=3.11 p=.027), job(F=5.45 p<.001), religion(t=-6.75 p<.001), marriage(t=2.72 p=.007), living(t=24.83 p<.001), health(F=4.75 p=.009), activity(t=2.62 p=.009), and disease(t=-4.39 p<.001). 3. There were significant differences according to smoking characteristics in smoking-cessation intention such as smoking age(F=3.35 p=.011), duration(F=8.02 p<.001), and amount(F=24.49 p<.001). 4. There were significant differences according to smoking-cessation characteristic in smoking cessation intention such as trial number(t=-2.29 p=.023), smoking cessation plan(F=66.28 p<.001), reason not to try(F=11.43 p<.001), and education(t=2.39 p=.018). 5. There were significant predictability of the variables in the theory of planned behavior such as direct self-consciousness control(β=0.40), direct smoking-cessation attitude(β=0.22), direct subjective standard(β=0.24), indirect smoking-cessation attitude(β=0.13), and these variables explained over 53.1% of smoking cessation intention. This study can provide the baseline data to develop more effective and useful smoking-cessation program for the elderly in community. As a result of this study, the education reinforcement of older adults under 70 is more effective because their smoking-cessation intention is high relatively. It is more effective to provide the smoking-cessation education with family to facilitate the smoking cessation behavior. There is a need to make a specific plan to increase self-consciousness control because self-consciousness control is the most correlative factor to smoking intention.

본 연구는 지역사회 재가 흡연 노인들을 대상으로 하여 금연의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 자료수집은 2010년 3월 1일부터 2010년 4월 31일까지 이루어졌으며, 연구설계는 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 D광역시 소재한 노인복지관 1개소, 경상북도 K, P시에 소재한 노인정 30개소, 노인대학 3개소, 무료급식소 1개소의 60세 이상의 흡연노인 300명을 대상으로 하여 구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 조사하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS WIN 14.0 program을 이용하여 실수, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe, Dunnet, Pearson correlation coefficient, Stepwise-multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 금연의도의 평균은 -2.45±5.58점, 금연행위에 대한 태도의 직접 측정의 평균은 7.78±4.11점, 간접 측정의 평균은 10.87±9.39점, 주관적 규범의 직접 측정의 평균은 1.92±1.97점, 간접 측정의 평균은 9.12±10.16점, 지각된 행위통제의 직접 측정의 평균은 -1.56±2.33점, 간접 측정의 평균은 -4.14±5.80점으로 나타났다. 2. 일반적인 특성에 따른 금연의도는 연령(F=17.51 p<.001), 교육정도(F=3.11 p=.027), 과거직업(F=5.45 p<.001), 종교(t=-6.75 p<.001), 결혼상태(t=2.72 p=.007), 동거상태(t=24.83 p<.001), 현재건강상태(F=4.75 p=.009), 신체활동(t=2.62 p=.009), 질병(t=-4.39 p<.001)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다 3. 흡연행동에 따른 금연의도는 흡연시작 연령(F=3.35 p=.011), 총 흡연기간(F=8.02 p<.001), 흡연량(F=24.49 p<.001)과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 4. 금연관련 특성에 따른 금연의도는 금연시도(t=-2.29 p=.023), 금연계획(F=66.28 p<.001), 금연시도 않는 이유(F=11.43 p<.001), 금연관련 교육(t=2.39 p=.018)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 5. 금연의도에 영향을 미치는 계획된 행위이론의 제요인은 지각된 행위 통제(직접)(β=0.40), 태도(직접)(β=0.22), 주관적 규범(직접)(β=0.24), 태도(간접)(β=0.13)인 것으로 나타났고, 전체 변량의 53.1%를 설명하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 금연의도가 상대적으로 높은 70세 이하의 노인에게는 집중적으로 금연교육을 실시하여 이들의 금연의도를 금연행위로 연결되도록 촉진시킬 필요가 있으며 가족이 있는 노인의 경우 가족이 금연교육에 참여하도록 하여 금연실패 경험을 줄이도록 하는 방안과 금연의도에 대한 설명력이 가장 높은 지각적 행위 통제를 높일 수 있는 구체적인 금연방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.