폐암 환자의 생존단계별 증상, 우울 및 삶의 질

Abstract

This study was a descriptive study conducted to investigate the difference of symptoms, depression and the quality of life of lung cancer patients, according to their survival stages. The subjects of this study were patients who were receiving inpatient treatment, or who were receiving outpatient treatment after being diagnosed with lung cancer. The purpose and method of this study was explained to them 135 participants, all of whom agreed to participate in the questionnaire survey. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and the differences between symptoms, depression and the quality of life, according to general characteristics and disease-related characteristics, were analyzed by conducting a t-test and ANOVA and a Scheffe' test was conducted for post-test. The differences in symptoms, depression, and the quality of life, according to survival time (less than 2 years, more than 2 years), were analyzed by conducting a t-test and ANAOVA, and Scheffe’ test was conducted for post-test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. In the lung cancer patients, the symptoms were significantly higher in ECOG PS 3 and than in ECOG PS 0,1 and 2 (F = 22.61, p <.001). 2. The symptoms were significantly higher in the patients with metastatic lung cancer than in those without metastatic lung cancer. (t = -3.74, p <.001). 3. It was found that the difference in the quality of life was statistically significant according to the presence of chemotherapy (t = 2.20, p = .029), radiotherapy (t = 2.72, p = .007) and metastasis (t = 3.55, p = .001). 4. In the lung cancer patients, there was a significant difference in the symptoms (insensibility/numbness (F = -2.42, p = .016) and walking (F = -2.21, p = .029) according to their respective survival stages. 5. In the lung cancer patients, there was no significant difference in depression, according to their respective survival stages. 6. In the lung cancer patients, there was no significant difference in the quality of life, according to their respective survival stages. The results showed that there was a difference in symptoms of insensitivity/numbness, and walking, according to their respective survival stages(less than 2 years, more than 2 years) of lung cancer patients, and there was no significant difference in depression and quality of life. The results of this study and repeated studies are expected to serve to establish a foundation for the development of nursing intervention, considering the characteristics of survival stages of lung cancer patients, thus contributing to the improvement of the quality of life for lung cancer survivors.

본 연구는 폐암환자의 생존단계별 증상, 우울 및 삶의 질의 차이를 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구대상은 대구광역시에 소재하는 일개 대학병원 호흡기센터에서 폐암으로 진단을 받은 환자로 치료중인 환자, 치료가 끝나고 외래를 방문 중인 환자를 대상으로 연구의 목적과 방법에 대하여 설명을 한 뒤 참여에 동의한 자를 대상으로 총 135명이 설문에 참여하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0을 활용해 분석하였으며, 일반적 특성과 질병관련 특성에 따른 증상, 우울 및 삶의 질의 차이검정은 t-test, ANOVA, 사후검정은 Scheffe’ test로 분석하였다. 생존기간(2년 이내, 2년이후)에 따른 증상, 우울 및 삶의 질의 차이는 t-test, ANOVA, 사후검정은 Scheffe’ test로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 폐암 환자는 ECOG PS 0,1,2보다 ECOG PS 3,4에서 증상이 유의하게 높았다.(F=22.61, p<.001). 2. 전이가 있는 폐암 환자가 전이가 없는 폐암 환자보다 증상이 유의하게 높았다.(t=-3.74, p<.001). 3. 폐암 환자의 항암화학요법 유무(t=2.18, p=.031), 방사선요법 유무(t=2.70, p=.008), 전이 유무(t=3.52, p=.001)에 따라 삶의 질의 차이가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 폐암 환자들은 생존단계별로 무감각/저림(F=-2.42, p=.016), 걷기(F=-2.21, p=.029)의 증상은 유의한 차이가 있었다. 5. 폐암 환자들은 생존단계별로 우울과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 6. 폐암 환자들은 생존단계별로 삶의 질과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 폐암 환자는 2년을 전/후를 생존단계별로 무감각/저림, 걷기의 증상의 차이가 있는 것이 확인 되었고 우울과, 삶의 질의 차이는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 확인 되었다. 그러므로 추후 생존단계별 재분류를 통한 반복연구를 통해서 폐암 환자의 생존단계별 특성을 고려한 간호중재 개발의 근거를 마련하여 궁극적으로는 폐암 생존자의 삶의 질 향상에 도움이 되길 기대한다.