Characterization of a frozen shoulder model using immobilization in rats
- Author(s)
- Du Hwan Kim; Kil-Ho Lee; Yun-Mee Lho; Eunyoung Ha; Ilseon Hwang; Kwang-Soon Song; Chul-Hyun Cho
- Keimyung Author(s)
- Cho, Chul Hyun; Song, Kwang Soon; Hwang, Il Seon; Ha, Eun Young; Kim, Du Hwan
- Department
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery (정형외과학)
Dept. of Pathology (병리학)
Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine (재활의학)
Dept. of Biochemistry (생화학)
- Journal Title
- Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
- Issued Date
- 2016
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Keyword
- Frozen shoulder; Animal model; Rat; Immobilization
- Abstract
- Background: The objective of this study was to investigate serial changes for histology of joint capsule and range
of motion of the glenohumeral joint after immobilization in rats. We hypothesized that a rat shoulder contracture
model using immobilization would be capable of producing effects on the glenohumeral joint similar to those seen
in patients with frozen shoulder.
Methods: Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into one control group (n = 8) and seven
immobilization groups (n = 8 per group) that were immobilized with molding plaster for 3 days, or for 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, or 6 weeks. At each time point, eight rats were euthanized for histologic evaluation of the axillary recess and
for measurement of the abduction angle.
Results: Infiltration of inflammatory cells was found in the synovial tissue until 2 weeks after immobilization.
However, inflammatory cells were diminished and fibrosis was dominantly observed in the synovium and
subsynovial tissue 3 weeks after immobilization. From 1 week after immobilization, the abduction angle of all
immobilization groups at each time point was significantly lower than that of the control group.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that a rat frozen shoulder model using immobilization generates the
pathophysiologic process of inflammation leading to fibrosis on the glenohumeral joint similar to that seen in
patients with frozen shoulder. This model was attained within 3 weeks after immobilization. It may serve as a
useful tool to investigate pathogenesis at the molecular level and identify potential target genes that are
involved in the development of frozen shoulder.
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