Curvilinear Transformation of Z-Shaped Upper Lip Scar by Diamond-Shaped Excision in Secondary Cleft Lip Deformities: A Photogrammetric Evaluation
- Author(s)
- Kihwan Han; Hoijoon Jeong; Tae Hyun Choi; Jun Hyung Kim; Daegu Son
- Keimyung Author(s)
- Han, Ki Hwan; Kim, Jun Hyung; Son, Dae Gu; Choi, Tae Hyun
- Department
- Dept. of Plastic Surgery (성형외과학)
- Journal Title
- Cleft Palate - Craniofacial Journal
- Issued Date
- 2015
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 2
- Keyword
- diamond-shaped excision; photogrammetry; secondary cleft lip deformity; Z-shaped scar
- Abstract
- Purpose: The visible Z-shaped upper lip scar that occurs after the Tennison and Randall
triangular flap technique remains a cleft stigma. Herein, we present our curvilinear transformation
technique for the Z-shaped upper lip scar by diamond-shaped excision and evaluate the
results using photogrammetric analyses.
Patients and Methods: From 1997 to 2006, 23 patients with secondary cleft lip deformity with
the visible Z-shaped upper lip scar underwent correction with the technique. The scar was
excised in the diamond shape above the muscle. After curvilinear closure, the elongated length
of the upper lip was excised just below the nostril sill, as the measured Cupid’s bow height
discrepancy. The result was assessed by the authors’ standardized photogrammetry technique.
Results: There was a statistically significant decrease between the preoperative central limb
of the Z-shaped scar and the width of the postoperative curvilinear upper lip scar. The pre- and
postoperative Cupid’s bow height differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusions: The curvilinear transformation of the Z-shaped scar is an efficient procedure
that provides (1) a significant decrease in the width of an upper lip scar to make it less
conspicuous, (2) incorporation of the scar into the philtral column, (3) a biconcave natural philtral
column shape in frontal view, and (4) formation of the natural concave philtral contour in profile
view.
KEY WORDS: diamond-shaped excision, photogrammetry, secondary cleft lip deformity, Zshaped
scar
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