Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression in Chronic Inflammation Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Is It Related to Apoptosis and Angiogenesis of Prostate Cancer?
- Author(s)
- Byung Hoon Kim; Chun Il Kim; Hyuk Soo Chang; Mi Sun Choe; Hye Ra Jung; Duk Yoon Kim; Choal Hee Park
- Keimyung Author(s)
- Kim, Byung Hoon; Kim, Chun Il; Chang, Hyuk Soo; Park, Choal Hee; Choe, Mi Sun; Jung, Hye Ra
- Department
- Dept. of Urology (비뇨의학)
Dept. of Pathology (병리학)
- Journal Title
- Korean Journal of Urology
- Issued Date
- 2011
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 4
- Keyword
- Angiogenesis-inducing agents; Apoptosis; Cyclooxygenase 2; Prostatic hyperplasia; Prostatic neoplasms
- Abstract
- Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and apoptosis/angiogenesis in inflammatory and noninflammatory benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC). Materials and Methods: This study involved 64 BPH and 57 PC patients. The BPH histopathologies were classified by the presence of chronic inflammation as follows: noninflammatory
BPH (NI-BPH; n=23) and inflammatory BPH (I-BPH; n=41). The association between the expression of COX-2, expression of Bcl-2, the apoptotic index (AI), expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvascular density (MVD) in the prostate was investigated.
Results: An overexpression of COX-2, Bcl-2, and VEGF was observed in cases of PC compared with cases of BPH. In PC, the AI was lower and MVD was higher than in BPH. In NI-BPH, I-BPH, and PC, the overexpression of COX-2, Bcl-2, and VEGF gradually increased. The AI was high in I-BPH, but did not differ significantly between the NI-BPH and I-BPH groups or between the NI-BPH and PC groups. MVD was significantly
high in PC, but no significant difference was found between NI-BPH and I-BPH. A significant correlation was shown between the overexpression of COX-2 and Bcl-2, and COX-2 and VEGF. However, the AI was not correlated with the overexpression of COX-2 or Bcl-2. MVD was correlated with the overexpression of COX-2 and VEGF. Conclusions: COX-2 overexpression in PC is correlated with a decrease in apoptosis and an increase in angiogenesis. Chronic inflammation in BPH causes an overexpression of COX-2, which induces the increased expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF. It is likely that chronic inflammation plays a role in the intermediate step of carcinogenesis in the prostate.
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