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Consumption of Fish and ω-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies

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Author(s)
Keum Hwa LeeHyo Jin SeongGaeun KimGwang Hun JeongJong Yeob KimHyunbong ParkEunyoung JungAndreas KronbichlerMichael EisenhutBrendon StubbsMarco SolmiAi KoyanagiSung Hwi HongElena DragiotiLeandro Fórnias Machado de RezendeLouis JacobNaNa KeumHans J van der VlietEunyoung ChoNicola VeroneseGiuseppe GrossoShuji OginoMingyang SongJoaquim RaduaSun Jae JungTrevor ThompsonSarah E JacksonLee SmithLin YangHans OhEun Kyoung ChoiJae Il ShinEdward L GiovannucciGabriele Gamerith
Keimyung Author(s)
Kim, Ga Eun
Department
Dept. of Nursing (간호학)
Journal Title
Advances in Nutrition
Issued Date
2020
Volume
11
Issue
5
Keyword
ω-3 fatty acidfishcancerumbrella reviewmeta-analysis
Abstract
Multiple studies have suggested that ω-3 fatty acid intake may have a protective effect on cancer risk; however, its true association with cancer risk remains controversial. We performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses to summarize and evaluate the evidence for the association between ω-3 fatty acid intake and cancer outcomes. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to December 1, 2018. We included meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between intake of fish or ω-3 fatty acid and cancer risk (gastrointestinal, liver, breast, gynecologic, prostate, brain, lung, and skin) and determined the level of evidence of associations. In addition, we appraised the quality of the evidence of significant meta-analyses by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. We initially screened 598 articles, and 15 articles, including 57 meta-analyses, were eligible. Among 57 meta-analyses, 15 reported statistically significant results. We found that 12 meta-analyses showed weak evidence of an association between ω-3 fatty acid intake and risk of the following types of cancer: liver cancer (n = 4 of 6), breast cancer (n = 3 of 14), prostate cancer (n = 3 of 11), and brain tumor (n = 2 of 2). In the other 3 meta-analyses, studies of endometrial cancer and skin cancer, there were no assessable data for determining the evidence levels. No meta-analysis showed convincing, highly suggestive, or suggestive evidence of an association. In the sensitivity analysis of meta-analyses by study design, we found weak associations between ω-3 fatty acid intake and breast cancer risk in cohort studies, but no statistically significant association in case-control studies. However, the opposite results were found in case of brain tumor risk. Although ω-3 fatty acids have been studied in several meta-analyses with regard to a wide range of cancer outcomes, only weak associations were identified in some cancer types, with several limitations. Considering the nonsignificant or weak evidence level, clinicians and researchers should cautiously interpret reported associations between ω-3 fatty acid consumption and cancer risks.
Keimyung Author(s)(Kor)
김가은
Publisher
College of Nursing (간호대학)
Citation
Keum Hwa Lee et al. (2020). Consumption of Fish and ω-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies. Advances in Nutrition, 11(5), 1134–1149. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa055
Type
Article
ISSN
2156-5376
Source
https://academic.oup.com/advances/article-abstract/11/5/1134/5850613
DOI
10.1093/advances/nmaa055
URI
https://kumel.medlib.dsmc.or.kr/handle/2015.oak/42938
Appears in Collections:
2. College of Nursing (간호대학) > Dept. of Nursing (간호학)
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