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Correlation between Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) during Pregnancy and Congenital Anomalies: Its Surgical Perspectives

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Author(s)
Eun-jung KooJin-Gon BaeEun Jung KimYong-Hoon Cho
Keimyung Author(s)
Koo, Eun JungBae, Jin Gon
Department
Dept. of Surgery (외과학)
Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology (산부인과학)
Journal Title
J Korean Med Sci
Issued Date
2021
Volume
36
Issue
38
Keyword
Air PollutionCongenital AnomalyParticulate MatterPregnancySurgical
Abstract
Background:
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can easily penetrate blood vessels and tissues through the human respiratory tract and cause various health problems. Some studies reported that particular matter (PM) exposure during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight or congenital cardiovascular anomalies. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the degree of exposure to PM ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) during pregnancy and congenital anomalies relevant to the field of pediatric surgery.

Methods:
Mother-infant dyads with registered addresses in the Metropolitan City were selected during 3 years. The electronic medical records of mothers and neonates were retrospectively analyzed, with a focus on maternal age at delivery, date of delivery, gestation week, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension, parity, the residence of the mother and infant, infant sex, birth weight, Apgar score, and presence of congenital anomaly. The monthly PM2.5 concentration from the first month of pregnancy to the delivery was computed based on the mothers' residences.

Results:
PM2.5 exposure concentration in the second trimester was higher in the congenital anomaly group than in the non-congenital anomaly group (24.82 ± 4.78 µg/m3,P = 0.023). PM2.5 exposure concentration did not affect the incidence of nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal anomalies. While statistically insignificant, the groups with nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and other congenital anomalies were exposed to higher PM2.5 concentrations in the first trimester compared with their respective counterparts. The effect of PM2.5 concentration on the incidence of congenital anomalies was significant even after adjusting for the mother's age, presence of DM, hypertension, and parity. The incidence of congenital anomalies increased by 26.0% (95% confidence interval of 4.3% and 49.2%) per 7.23 µg/m3 elevation of PM2.5 interquartile range in the second trimester.

Conclusions:
The congenital anomaly group was exposed to a higher PM2.5 concentration in the second trimester than the non-congenital anomaly group. The PM2.5 exposure concentration level in the first trimester tended to be higher in groups with anomalies than those without anomalies. This suggests that continuous exposure to a high PM2.5 concentration during pregnancy influences the incidence of neonatal anomalies in surgical respects.
Keimyung Author(s)(Kor)
구은정
배진곤
Publisher
School of Medicine (의과대학)
Citation
Eun-jung Koo et al. (2021). Correlation between Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) during Pregnancy and Congenital Anomalies: Its Surgical Perspectives. J Korean Med Sci, 36(38), e236. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e236
Type
Article
ISSN
1598-6357
Source
https://www.jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e236
DOI
10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e236
URI
https://kumel.medlib.dsmc.or.kr/handle/2015.oak/43857
Appears in Collections:
1. School of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology (산부인과학)
1. School of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Surgery (외과학)
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