계명대학교 의학도서관 Repository

PCNB exposure during early embryogenic development induces developmental delay and teratogenicity by altering the gene expression in Xenopus laevis

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Author(s)
Tayaba IsmailHongchan LeeYouni KimHong-Yeoul RyuDong-Hyung ChoZae Young RyooDong-Seok LeeTaeg Kyu KwonTae Joo ParkTaejoon KwonHyun-Shik Lee
Keimyung Author(s)
Kwon, Taeg Kyu
Department
Dept. of Immunology (면역학)
Journal Title
Environ Toxicol
Issued Date
2022
Volume
38
Issue
1
Keyword
FETAXPCNBembryotoxicitymalformationsorganogenesisteratogenesis
Abstract
Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is an organochlorine fungicide commonly used to treat seeds against seedling infections and controlling snow mold on golf courses. PCNB has been demonstrated to be toxic to living organisms, including fish and several terrestrial organisms. However, only phenotypical deformities have been studied, and the effects of PCNB on early embryogenesis, where primary organogenesis occurs, have not been completely studied. In the current study, the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of PCNB is evaluated by using frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus (FETAX). Our results confirmed the teratogenic potential of PCNB revealing the teratogenic index of 1.29 during early embryogenesis. Morphological studies revealed tiny head, bent axis, reduced inter ocular distance, hyperpigmentation, and reduced total body lengths. Whole mount in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were used to identify PCNB teratogenic effects at the gene level. The gene expression analyses revealed that PCNB was embryotoxic to the liver and heart of developing embryos. Additionally, to determine the most sensitive developmental stages to PCNB, embryos were exposed to the compound at various developmental stages, demonstrating that the most sensitive developmental stage to PCNB is primary organogenesis. Taken together, we infer that PCNB's teratogenic potential affects not just the phenotype of developing embryos but also the associated genes and involving the oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of toxicity, posing a hazard to normal embryonic growth. However, the mechanisms of teratogenesis require additional extensive investigation to be defined completely.
Keimyung Author(s)(Kor)
권택규
Publisher
School of Medicine (의과대학)
Type
Article
ISSN
1522-7278
Source
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tox.23679
DOI
10.1002/tox.23679
URI
https://kumel.medlib.dsmc.or.kr/handle/2015.oak/44529
Appears in Collections:
1. School of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Internal Medicine (내과학)
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