재한 베트남 유학생을 위한 캠퍼스기반-건강증진 프로그램 (CamHPP)의 개발 및 효과 검증: 무작위 대조군 전후실험 설계

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a campus-based health promotion program (camHPP) for Vietnamese students in Korea and analyze the program's effects by a randomized controlled trial with the pretest-posttest control group design. The data were collected from May 1st to September 15th of 2022. The preliminary assessment was performed with 56 Vietnamese students and 27 students were selected as the experimental group and 28 students were selected as the control group. SPSS Statistics 20.0 was used to analyze the data. The chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to test for homogeneity. The Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for hypothesis testing, and the reliability test was performed through Cronbach' alpha coefficient. The results of the study were as follows: The first hypothesis: ''The experimental group will be a higher level of health perception than the control group'' was tested. There were significant differences between the groups in health perception level (U=224.00, p=.033). Therefore, the first hypothesis was supported. The second hypothesis: ''The experimental group will show higher level of social support than the control group'' was tested. There were significant differences between the groups in social support scores (U=165.50, p<.001). Therefore, the second hypothesis was supported. The third hypothesis: ''The experimental group will show higher level of health care services access than the control group'' was tested. There were significant differences between the groups in health care services access score (U=350.50, p=.024). Therefore, the third hypothesis was supported. The fourth hypothesis: ''The experimental group will show higher level of health-promoting behavior than the control group'' was tested. There were significant differences between the groups in health-promoting behavior score (U=148.00, p<.001). Therefore, the fourth hypothesis was supported. The fifth hypothesis: ''The experimental group will show optimal level of biochemical indicators than the control group'' was tested. There were significant differences between the groups in TG (U=135.00, p<.001), total cholesterol (U=230.00, p<.001), HDL-C (U=125.50, p=.042), LDL-C (U=215.00, p<.001), serum cortisol (U=134.00, p=.043).There were no significant differences in Hb, Hct, WBC, RBC. Therefore, the fifth hypothesis was partially supported. The sixth hypothesis: ''The experimental group will show lower level of perceived stress than the control group'' was tested. There were significant differences between the groups in perceived stress score (U=280.50, p=.014). Therefore, the sixth hypothesis was supported. The seventh hypothesis: ''The experimental group will show higher level of quality of life than the control group'' was tested. There were significant differences between the groups in quality of life score (U=248.00, p<.001). Therefore, the seventh hypothesis was supported. The CamHPP improves the health perception, social support, health care services access, health promotion behavior, subjective physical and biochemical indicators, perceived stress and the quality of life of Vietnamese students. This study highlights the importance of developing specific tasks that promote health among international students and promoting healthy habits. The CamHPP proved to be an effective intervention to improve health promotion behavior and quality of life for Vietnamese student studying in Korea.

본 연구는 재한 베트남 유학생을 대상으로 캠퍼스기반-건강증진 프로그램 (CamHPP)을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하기 위해 시도된 무작위 대조군 전후실험설계 연구이다. 자료수집기간은 2022년 5월 1일부터 9월 15일 사이에 이루어졌으며, 연구대상자는 한국의 일 대학에서 유학중인 베트남 유학생 55명으로 CamHPP 적용군인 실험군에 27명, 대조군에 28명으로 무작위 배정하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS Statistics 20.0을 이용하여, 사전 동질성 검정은 Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test 및 Mann-Whitney test로, 가설검정은 Wilcoxon signed-rank test와 Mann- Whitney test로 분석하였고 신뢰도 검정은 Cronbach' alpha 계수로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 제1가설: "실험군은 대조군보다 건강미 인식 수준이 더 높을 것이다"를 검증한 결과, 건강 인식 수준의 변화는 중재후 집단간 유의한 차이가 있었다(U=224.00, p=.033). 따라서 제1가설은 지지 되었다. 제2가설: "실험군은 대조군보다 수준의 의료 서비스 접근성이 더 높을 것이다"를 검증한 결과, 의료 서비스 접근성의 변화는 중재후 집단간 유의한 차이가 있었다(U=165.50, p<.001). 따라서 제2가설은 지지되었다. 제3가설: "실험군은 대조군보다 사회적 지지 수준의 더 높을 것이다"를 검증한 결과, 사회적 지지의 변화는 중재후 집단간 유의한 차이가 있었다 (U=350.50, p=.024). 따라서 제3가설은 지지되었다. 제4가설: "실험군은 대조군보다 건강증진행위 점수가 더 높을 것이다"를 검증한 결과, 건강증진행위 점수는 중재후 집단간 유의한 차이가 있었다(U=148.00, p<.001). 따라서 제4가설은 지지되었다. 제5가설: "실험군은 대조군보다 최적의 생화학적 지표를 보일 것이다" 를 검증한 결과, 중재후 실험군은 대조군보다 TG (U=135.00, p<.001), TG (U=230.00, p<.001), HDL-C (U=125.50. p=.042), LDL-C (U=215.00, p<.001), 혈청 코티솔(U=134.00, p=.043) 수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나, Hb, Hct, WBC, RBC은 유의한 차이가 없다. 따라서 제5가설은 부분적으로 지지되었다. 제6가설: "실험군은 대조군보다 지각된 스트레스 수준이 낮을 것이다" 를 검증한 결과, 지각된 스트레스 수준이 중재후 집단간 유의한 차이가 있었다(U=280.50. p=.014). 따라서 제6가설은 지지되었다. 제7가설: "실험군은 대조군보다 삶의 질 수준이 높을 것이다"를 검증한 결과, 삶의 질의 변화는 중재후 집단간 유의한 차이가 있었다 (U=248.00, p<.001). 따라서 제7가설은 지지되었다. 이상의 결과로 재한 베트남 유학생을 위한 8주간의 CamHPP는 대상자의 건강 인식, 의료 서비스 접근성, 사회적 지지, 건강증진행위, 생화학적 지표, 지각된 스트레스, 삶의 질향상에 효과적인 중재임이 확인되었다. 따라서 CamHPP를 한국에 유학중인 다양한 국가에서 온 유학생들에게 확대 적용할 필요가 있다.