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Cathepsin D promotes polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and metastasis through TGFBI-CCL20 signaling

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Author(s)
Seul Gi LeeSeon Min WooSeung Un SeoChan-Hyeong LeeMoon-Chang BaekSe Hwan JangZee Yong ParkSimmyung YookJu-Ock NamTaeg Kyu Kwon
Keimyung Author(s)
Kwon, Taeg Kyu
Department
Dept. of Immunology (면역학)
Journal Title
Exp Mol Med
Issued Date
2024
Volume
56
Abstract
M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are risk factors for cancer progression and metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying their polarization are still not fully understood. Although cathepsin D (Cat D) has been reported as a procarcinogenic factor, little is known about the functional role of Cat D in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study aimed to explore the effect and molecular mechanisms of Cat D in the TME. Cat D knockout (KO) altered the cytokine secretion pattern and induced TAM reprogramming from the M2 to M1 subtype, thereby preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis. Mechanistically, we identified transforming growth factor beta-induced protein (TGFBI) as a Cat D target protein that is specifically associated with TAM polarization. Elevated TGFBI expression in Cat D KO cancer cells resulted in a decline in M2-like TAM polarization. Our RNA-sequencing results indicated that the cancer cell-secreted chemokine CCL20 is a major secretory chemokine for Cat D-TGFBI-mediated TAM polarization. In contrast, Cat D overexpression accelerated TAM polarization into M2-like cells by suppressing TGFBI expression. In addition, the double Cat D and TGFBI KO rescued the inhibitory effects of Cat D KO on tumor metastasis by controlling TAM and T-cell activation. These findings indicated that Cat D contributes to cancer metastasis through TGFBI-mediated TAM reprogramming. Cat D deletion inhibits M2-like TAM polarization through TGFBI-mediated CCL20 expression, reprogramming the immunosuppressive TME. Our results open a potential new avenue for therapy focused on eliminating tumor metastasis.
Keimyung Author(s)(Kor)
권택규
Publisher
School of Medicine (의과대학)
Type
Article
ISSN
2092-6413
Source
https://www.nature.com/articles/s12276-024-01163-9
DOI
10.1038/s12276-024-01163-9
URI
https://kumel.medlib.dsmc.or.kr/handle/2015.oak/45321
Appears in Collections:
1. School of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Immunology (면역학)
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