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Pneumonia Prevalence Upon Chest Radiography According to Vaccination Status Among Patients Under 50 Years of Age With Coronavirus Disease 2019

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Author(s)
Yong Shik KwonSun Hyo ParkHyun Jung KimJae Seok ParkMi-Ae KimTae Hun KimJi Yeon LeeJin Young Kim
Keimyung Author(s)
Kwon, Yong ShikPark, Sun HyoKim, Hyun JungPark, Jae SeokKim, Mi AeLee, Ji YeonKim, Jin Young
Department
Dept. of Internal Medicine (내과학)
Dept. of Radiology (영상의학)
Journal Title
J Korean Med Sci
Issued Date
2024
Volume
39
Issue
6
Keyword
COVID-19VaccinationPneumonia FrequencyChest X-Ray Severity
Abstract
Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is effective in preventing the disease transmission and progression. However, the relatively mild disease course of the omicron variant and the decrease in antibodies over time after vaccination raise questions about the effectiveness of vaccination, especially in young people. We compared the prevalence of pneumonia and chest X-ray severity score according to vaccination status among patients < 50 years old with COVID-19.

Methods:
From January 17 to March 17, 2022, 579 patients with COVID-19, who were < 50 years old and had a known vaccination history in our institution, were all included in this study. All patients underwent initial chest radiography, and follow-up chest radiographs were obtained every two days until discharge. Pneumonia was scored from the radiographs using the Brixia scoring system. The scores of the six lung zones were added for a total score ranging from 0 to 18. Patients were divided into four groups according to 10-year age intervals. Differences between groups were analyzed using the χ² or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test or analysis of variance for continuous variables.

Results:
Among patients aged 12-19 years, the prevalence of pneumonia did not differ depending on vaccination status (non-vaccinated vs. vaccinated, 1/47 [2.1%] vs. 1/18 [5.6%]; P = 0.577). Among patients in their 20s, the prevalence of pneumonia was significantly higher among non-vaccinated patients than among vaccinated patients (8/28, 28.6% vs. 7/138, 5.1%, P < 0.001), similar to patients in their 40s (32/52 [61.5%] vs. 18/138 [13.0%]; P < 0.001). The chest X-ray severity score was also significantly higher in non-vaccinated patients than that in vaccinated patients in their 20s to their 40s (P < 0.001), but not among patients aged 12-19 years (P = 0.678).

Conclusion:
In patients aged 20-49 years, vaccinated patients had a significantly lower prevalence of pneumonia and chest X-ray severity score than non-vaccinated patients.
Keimyung Author(s)(Kor)
권용식
박순효
김현정
박재석
김미애
이지연
김진영
Publisher
School of Medicine (의과대학)
Type
Article
ISSN
1598-6357
Source
https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e55
DOI
10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e55
URI
https://kumel.medlib.dsmc.or.kr/handle/2015.oak/45327
Appears in Collections:
1. School of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Internal Medicine (내과학)
1. School of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Radiology (영상의학)
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