Benralizumab Treatment in a Patient with Severe Eosinophilic Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a Case Report

Abstract

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is characterized by sudden worsening of dyspnea, often accompanied by increased cough and sputum production in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Current standard treatment involves systemic corticosteroids; however, there are no clear guidelines for patients who are unresponsive to this therapy. This case report describes a 64-year-old female with COPD on triple inhaler therapy who presented with acute eosinophilic exacerbation. Despite prompt administration of systemic corticosteroid therapy and empirical antibiotics, her condition continued to deteriorate. Given her markedly elevated blood eosinophil count, a single 30 mg subcutaneous dose of benralizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-5 receptor-alpha, was administered. Following treatment, her blood eosinophil count decreased rapidly, oxygen demand decreased, and symptoms improved significantly. This case highlights the potential role of benralizumab as a therapeutic option for AECOPD in patients with high eosinophil counts.