한국 성인의 수면 시간과 정신 건강 및 음주 습관의 관계: 2018·2020년 국민건강영양조사 이차자료 분석

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the associations between sleep duration and depression, stress, perceived health status, mental health counseling experience, and alcohol-related behaviors among Korean adults using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods: A total of 1,656 adults aged 19-64 years with complete responses for relevant variables in the 2018 and 2020 KNHANES were included in the analysis. Sleep duration was categorized according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines. Depression was defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10. Other variables were assessed using structured survey responses and defined following previous studies. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results: Significant differences in depression, stress, and mental health counseling experience were observed across sleep duration groups (short [≤ 6 hours], adequate [7~9 hours], long [≥ 10 hours]). However, alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and perceived health status did not differ significantly by sleep duration. Compared with those reporting adequate sleep, participants with short sleep were more likely to experience stress (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29~2.12), depression (OR = 5.62, 95% CI = 3.00~10.52), and mental health counseling (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.82~7.01). Additionally, those with long sleep duration were more likely to report depression (OR = 5.40, 95% CI = 1.77~16.47).

Conclusion: Inappropriate amounts of sleep, both short and long, was significantly associated with higher risks of depression, stress, and mental health service utilization, whereas no association was found for alcohol-related behaviors. These findings suggest the need for population-level strategies to promote appropriate sleep duration and to improve adult mental health outcomes.